VESICOURETERAL REFLUX

Typically, the kidneys produce urine that flows into the bladder through the ureter. The ureter is strategically placed within the bladder's three muscular layers, ensuring closure during urination. This mechanism prevents urine from flowing back into the kidneys. However, improper ureter implantation can lead to vesico-ureteral reflux, where urine is forced back up the ureter into the kidney when the bladder contracts.

In vesico-ureteral reflux, bacteria-laden urine from the bladder can trigger repeated kidney infections, with or without fever. Diagnosis often involves a VCUG (voiding cystourethrogram) test, where dye is injected via catheter to visualize contrast movement in the bladder and ureter during urination. If contrast travels upwards, confirming reflux, steps are taken.

For infants, a low-dose antibiotic regimen maintains sterile urine, minimizing infection risks. This cautious approach allows time for potential spontaneous resolution of the reflux. If persistent infections occur despite antibiotics, surgical intervention is considered to correct the condition and protect kidney health.